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April 10 · Issue #116 · View online |
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Mark Zuckerberg made his highly anticipated debut before Congress today during a marathon five-hour hearing before a joint session of the Commerce and Judiciary committees. Zuckerberg remained calm and level-headed throughout, and senators were mostly polite and deferential as they sought to understood how Facebook had inadvertently allowed the profiles of up to 87 million people to be collected by the political data-mining firm Cambridge Analytica. In the weeks leading up to the hearing, Facebook made a series of announcements designed to demonstrate that it took the data leak seriously and was working to prevent it from happening again. Zuckerberg referred repeatedly today to these changes, which include making privacy shortcuts easier to find, restricting the data shared with developers when you log in using your Facebook account, labeling political ads and making them available for public inspection, and launching a bounty program to reward people who find examples of data misuse. Facebook also sent Zuckerberg and his chief operating officer, Sheryl Sandberg, on a media tour to answer questions and hone their talking points. By the time today’s hearing began, Facebook had done what it could to ensure the day would feel light on news. Meanwhile, many senators still struggle to understand basic questions about how Facebook collects data and make money. (Hint: not by selling that data to advertisers.) Still, here are the five most notable developments from today’s hearings.
Zuckerberg had to confront Facebook’s near-monopoly status. When Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) asked Zuckerberg to name his biggest competitor, Zuckerberg couldn’t name one. He was pressed repeatedly on Facebook’s large size, and at one point was asked whether Facebook was too powerful. Zuckerberg demurred. “It certainly doesn’t feel like that to me,” he said to Graham’s monopoly question. Senators do seem to be grappling with Facebook’s massive power in a way they haven’t done before. But it’s not clear they have any coherent strategy to increase the amount of competition in the social media marketplace.
Zuckerberg won’t rule out a paid version of Facebook. The CEO took numerous questions about the company’s business model and whether it could truly protect users’ privacy given that it relies so heavily on collecting data about their lives and behavior. Multiple senators asked Zuckerberg whether he might consider a paid, ad-free version of Facebook in the future. He told Sen. Orrin Hatch that there would always be a free version of Facebook, suggesting a paid option might be possible. Later, he told another senator that a paid version would be worth thinking about.
Zuckerberg is leaning heavily on the future promise of artificial intelligence. Whenever asked about how Facebook would improve its moderation tools, Zuckerberg invoked the promise of AI to help Facebook quickly sort through hate speech and other problematic posts. It certainly seems possible that AI will improve Facebook’s content moderation efforts, but it remains unproven.
The conspiracy about Facebook targeting ads at you by snooping with your phone’s microphone is now part of the congressional record. For years now, Facebook has struggled to contain an urban legend that the company’s ad targeting is so effective because the company listens to your conversations in real time through your phone’s microphone. Thanks to Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI), this is now a matter of public record. “Yes or no, does Facebook use audio obtained from mobile devices to enrich personal information about users?” he asked. “No,” Zuckerberg said.
Senators don’t understand how Facebook works. Senators peppered Facebook with questions about the basic features of its data-collection and advertising practices. How does Facebook acquire data? How long does it keep that data? How can users control what data they share? These are important questions, and senators were surely speaking for the majority of Americans when they asked them. At the same time, they frittered away hours of testimony by asking the CEO questions that can be answered by Googling. Of course, some senators argued that complexity itself is the problem. As Sen. John Kennedy (R-LA) put it — bluntly, if not helpfully — “your user agreement sucks.” For more highlights of today’s hearing, read our live blog. It gets worse as the day goes along and my brain turns to mush! And we’re doing it again tomorrow morning starting at 7A PT at The Verge.
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Read Mark Zuckerberg’s testimony to Congress, annotated
Here is the first known instance of the Genius.com platform being put to good use. Brian Fung and Callum Borchers annotated Zuckerberg’s prepared testimony in ways that will be useful to anyone just coming into the story. Which, OK, isn’t you.
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Here’s what some of Zuckerberg’s notes said as he testified before senators Tuesday
An enterprising AP photographer snapped a photo of Zuckerberg’s notes, which included some prepared remarks in case anyone asked him to resign. (No one did.)
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Facebook's Zuckerberg Earns Likes for Washington Performance
Zuckerberg generally got good marks for his performance today, and the stock went up.
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Mark Zuckerberg’s Testimony to Congress: What to Watch For
Here’s the Times’ look at today’s major news events in social media land, of which there were … many.
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Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg to testify before House and Senate panels that got Facebook money
USA Today looks at some of the political donations Facebook made in the run-up to today’s hearing.
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How to check if your Facebook information was shared with Cambridge Analytica
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Cambridge Analytica may have had access to private Facebook Messenger messages
Just when you think there can’t possibly be a new twist to the Cambridge Analytica story, we learn that the company may have had access to private Facebook Messenger messages for 1,500 users (!!!).
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This Hoax About Mark Zuckerberg Shows The Shortcomings Of Facebook's New Algorithm
Today’s reminder that dumb hoaxes — in this case, the idea that typing ‘BFF’ in a comment reveals whether it has been hacked — continue to spread on Facebook.
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Twitter says it will comply with Honest Ads Act to combat Russia social media meddling
Interesting timing to announce this: Twitter pledged to support a proposed Senate bill that would require technology platforms that sell advertising space to disclose the source of and amount of money paid for political ads. Called the Honest Ads Act, the bipartisan bill was first introduced back in October by Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA), and Sen. John McCain (R-AZ).
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Reddit’s 2017 transparency report and suspect account findings : announcements
Reddit did a news dump during today’s Facebook hearing of suspicious accounts it had found, including some linked to the Internet Research Agency. And as I mentioned last time, our investigation did not find any election-related advertisements of the nature found on other platforms, through either our self-serve or managed advertisements. I also want to be very clear that none of the 944 users placed any ads on Reddit. We also did not detect any effective use of these accounts to engage in vote manipulation.
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China Is Forcing People To Download An App That Tells Them To Delete “Dangerous” Photos
There are surveillance apps and then there are surveillance apps. Get a load of what the poor Uighurs are going through in China: Ethnic Uighurs in China’s west say they are being forced to download an app that scans cell phones for audio and video files and dispatches their information to an outside server. According to new research by a team supported by the Open Technology Fund under Radio Free Asia, the app Jingwang Weishi — which translates to “web cleansing” — records a phone’s identifying information, including its IMEI number, model, phone number, and manufacturer. It also searches through the phone for unique, fingerprintlike identifiers associated with files, particularly photos, audio recordings, and videos, researchers found.
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Facebook Has Been Accused Of Helping The Vietnamese Government Crack Down On Dissent
Facebook is helping Vietnam stifle dissent on the platform, activists argue in a new open letter: “We’ve noticed a troubling increase in the number of activist Facebook pages taken down and content removed. We have evidence that government-sponsored trolls are behind the ‘abuse’ reports that led to the content takedown,” Duy Hoang, an organizer with the pro-democracy group Viet Tan, told BuzzFeed News. “Unfortunately, when activists contacted Facebook, they only received vague responses from the company.” “We are concerned that Facebook is unwittingly helping the Hanoi authorities to censor free expression,” Hoang added.
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Mark Zuckerberg’s I’m Sorry Suit
The New York Times looks at the suit Zuckerberg likes to wear when he is sorry for things. Unfortunately this is all we know! A Facebook spokeswoman declined to comment on his choice of suit for Congress. Mr. Rosenfeld said he had no idea of the maker or whether Mr. Zuckerberg was getting outside advice. A quick survey of my colleagues who work in Silicon Valley elicited only puzzlement. But over the years Mr. Zuckerberg’s suits have gotten skinnier, the ties narrower, the aesthetic less uncomfortable-kid-in-Dad’s-borrowed-suit.
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New York Magazine talks to five former Facebook employees
We’ve heard from most of these folks — Roger McNamee, Sandy Parakilas — repeatedly in recent months. Maybe there’s something new in here. Let me know if there is!!
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Facebook data concerns spread to Oculus and VR
Adi Robertson asks how much data Oculus shares with its parent company: A VR platform like Oculus offers lots of data points that could be turned into a detailed user profile. Facebook already records a “heatmap” of viewer data for 360-degree videos, for instance, flagging which parts of a video people find most interesting. If it decided to track VR users at a more detailed level, it could do something like track overall movement patterns with hand controllers, then guess whether someone is sick or tired on a particular day. Oculus imagines people using its headsets the way they use phones and computers today, which would let it track all kinds of private communications. The Oculus privacy policy has a blanket clause that lets it share and receive information from Facebook and Facebook-owned services. So far, the company claims that it exercises this option in very limited ways, and none of them involve giving data to Facebook advertisers. “Oculus does not share people’s data with Facebook for third-party advertising,” a spokesperson tells The Verge.
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Can You Guess If Mark Zuckerberg Was Sorry For This?
Lots of outlets are having fun republishing Facebook’s previous apologies. In a nicely on-brand post, Katie Notoupolous at BuzzFeed turns it into a quiz. (I got six out of nine correct.)
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14 years of Mark Zuckerberg saying sorry, not sorry about Facebook
Like I said: lots of outlets. Here’s Geoff Fowler and Chiqi Esteban’s. All the while, Facebook’s access to our personal data increases and little changes about the way Zuckerberg handles it. So as Zuckerberg prepares to apologize for the first time in front of Congress, the question that lingers is: What will be different this time?
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The Data Economy: how we gave up on privacy
Molly Wood asks how we got to a place where companies like Facebook have acquired so much data about us: Privacy advocates have been raising concerns about how much information we share with tech companies for the last dozen years, if not longer. But we kept at it, mainly because there wasn’t any clearly viable alternative, and to most there wasn’t any obvious harm. Even as data breaches piled up and identity theft became consumers’ number one concern over the years, the harm still wasn’t measurable enough to stop the sharing. And even in the wake of major data breaches like Yahoo, Target, the GAO, and Equifax, federal officials enacted zero new regulations to dictate how personal information is collected and stored, or how consumers should be notified when there’s a breach. One expert told me bluntly, “there’s no blood.”
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Instagram Looks Like Facebook’s Best Hope
Sarah Frier has a nice look at the part of Facebook everyone still likes. There are a bunch of good nuggets in here; most interesting to me is the news — which I had heard, but could not confirm — that Zuckerberg himself was responsible for Instagram cloning Snapchat stories: Krieger and Systrom refused to build look-alike functionality until Zuckerberg personally requested it, according to a person familiar with discussions. Zuckerberg worried that if Instagram didn’t do something to change its product, such as copy Snapchat, it risked missing out on an entire generation of users. A spokeswoman says Instagram “initiated and drove the creation of Stories internally and was not pressured.” Systrom acknowledges there was “tension” over the direction of Instagram, which he’s grateful for. Instagram Stories was introduced in August 2016. By the following spring, it was already more popular than Snapchat.
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Publishers are treating Instagram Stories like episodic TV
Publishers have been building episodic programming for their Instagram stories. If this continues, you can expect Instagram to launch a Discover-style feed of such content to rival Snapchat’s.
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Facebook will pay up to $40,000 if you find a big data leak
Another announcement for Zuckerberg to promote today: Facebook launched a data abuse bounty program to reward users who snitch on companies using unauthorized data.
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Instagram launches a portrait mode and a new way to tag friends in Stories
These are fine and cute, but for the life of me I can barely tell the difference between a picture shot in “focus” mode on Instagram and a regular iPhone X selfie.
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Tribe combines arcade games with group video chat
Tribe, a social video thing that never took off, is now a “social gaming” thing.
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Former Senate staffer Alvaro Bedoya had the best thread on the run-up to today’s hearing, focused on what senators can get from an executive in a case like this: promises they wouldn’t ordinarily make.
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1/ As the lead staffer to the Senate privacy subcommittee, I organized several oversight hearings of tech companies like Facebook, Apple, and Google. Some context for folks who don’t normally watch these kinds of hearings.
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Runner-up best thread is this Ashkan Soltani joint on how Facebook has relentlessly expanded the amount of data it collects about us.
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As we all listen to @ apologize to congress for the umpteenth time, it’s important to remember that @’s leaking user data isn’t new or an accident. (1/7)
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Don Graham's Facebook post
Last night, longtime friend of Zuckerberg and former Facebook board member wrote a post arguing that Zuckerberg is not a bad person, and also that we do not publicly hang people but today’s hearing was basically the same thing. (Maybe notable: Facebook PR pushed this one out to reporters.) Today the charges against Mark and Facebook are graver still. Did Russian ads and posts of false news sway the 2016 election (If you believe this, I REALLY want to talk to you)? Why was Cambridge Analytica permitted to make off with so much user data? Does Facebook tilt us towards polarization and political intransigence? There’s much more. Slowly and patiently, Mark, Sheryl and their team will make Facebook much better. Should they have acted sooner? Of course. Do they understand how angry many of their users are? I would bet a lot that the answer is yes. Watch the changes they will make. We don’t allow public hangings or bear-baiting in the United States and more. Congressional hearings like this one, with lots of Senators badgering an unpopular CEO, are a substitute. For some Senators—not all—the idea is to ask the nastiest, most hostile questions, thereby earning the prize: time on television. The witness’s replies won’t get much air time. Those of us in the audience, might take a tip from the still-young man (he’s 33) behind the witness table. Listen.
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Congress Should Grill Mark Zuckerberg on Facebook's Monopoly, Not Privacy
Jason Koebler says lawmakers should focus their attention during this week’s grilling on monopoly issues: During questioning, lawmakers should instead focus on Facebook’s power and influence. Why was Facebook allowed to purchase WhatsApp and Instagram? Are we cool with Instagram kneecapping Snapchat by ripping off Stories? Why is it allowed to silo Americans’ thoughts and opinions using its powerful, black box News Feed algorithm? And why is it allowed to hold businesses hostage by forcing them to pay to reach people who have specifically said they want to see content from their pages in the News Feed? Anyone who says they know how to fix the mess that Facebook has made is lying, but the path forward is likely to involve fostering a healthier social media and news media ecosystem. Regardless of what Facebook does with consumer data and privacy controls, its centralized nature and sheer size are going to continue to remain problems. If Zuckerberg manages to focus the conversation on how Facebook screwed up and how it can be fixed rather than how it has monopolized the internet, nothing is going to change.
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The Secret to Better Social Media? Fewer Friends
David Pierce says, what if we just unfriended everyone except for like five people? Almost immediately, I cared about the contents of my social media apps again. All of Facebook’s new babies, engagements and political ruminations come from people I actually care about. On Twitter, everything seems more interesting. Having a smaller group of comrades generally makes me want to interact with them more.
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How Mark Zuckerberg Fixed Facebook
Jaron Lanier, a pioneer in VR research and one of the smartest people I have ever personally talked to, says it’s time for Facebook to shift its business model away from advertising. (Honestly, if people believe that this would work, someone should just do it and see if it gains any traction.) The change could start with a small tweak to Facebook’s algorithms. Because positive emotions emerge more slowly than negative emotions, if Facebook’s advertisers received feedback less quickly, they would see engagement data based on a broader mix of emotional reactions, including more positive ones. By simply putting a delay in its feedback loop to advertisers, Facebook can, I suspect, bring about less negativity. That’s one way to make Facebook better that wouldn’t involve repressing Facebook’s customers or censoring its users. I don’t mean this as a fanciful proposal, but as a practical one for right now, today. Facebook’s executives have made rejecting the idea of changing the company’s core business model a highlight of their current charm offensive, but they are wrong. It is in their interests—and not just everyone else’s—for Facebook to change its business model. The alternative is to become a digital tobacco company.
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Mark Zuckerberg goes to Washington — so let’s stop acting like he can’t handle it. He can.
Kara Swisher says a true thing, which is that Zuckerberg is a grown man and was well prepared for today’s hearings. The whole premise is absurd. Mark is now an adult man with two children and a longtime partner who took his company public and runs what is now one of the most powerful companies in tech. He is one of the richest people on the planet. He has met kings and queens, world leaders and potentates across the globe (as well as a whole lot of livestock on his odd trip across the U.S. in the last year). He has started a massive foundation, he has made a clutch of major acquisitions and he has rewarded his shareholders many times over. So, my guess — even if he is attacked badly by an attention-seeking politician, as Yahoo CEO Jerry Yang was when he was called a “moral pygmy” in 2007 — is that he can handle it. More to the point, he has to because, and I will try to say this slowly for those who do not get it: It. Is. His. Job. As. CEO. Of. Facebook.
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In a digital reality, who can we trust?
Aviv Ovadya, who has been sounding the alarm about our coming “ infocalypse” for years now, offers four practical steps for improving the media landscape. Here’s one: We need to proactively develop systems that can efficiently determine if, for example, a video is real or manipulated and convey this information to the end user. This is especially important for journalists, diplomats, courts and political leaders. Initially, forgery detection may work well enough. Very soon, however, we may need to build and deploy an enormous amount of new technical infrastructure to proactively validate that a video was captured at a particular time and place. Either way, platforms and even browsers would need to incorporate these authenticity stamps in a way that has real impact for users. They must affect the psychology of belief formation, as merely labeling something as forged is not likely to be sufficient.
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Oregon Trail is Changing So That We Share Less of Your Private Dysentery Information
A timely piece of satire from McSweeney’s: As many of you are aware, it was recently brought to our attention that some of our players’ health records have been handled with less sensitivity than we would have liked. Specifically, if you died of dysentery between 1986 and 1993 while playing Oregon Trail, that information was likely shared with your cousins, neighbors, or other persons who were allowed access to the Apple IIe in your family’s basement. Some of those disclosures were repeated through other channels, at times using custom Print Shop banners taped to windows or bedroom doors. In some instances, players logged in under other users’ names so that they could create tombstones claiming that the deceased person was a lame dorkwad. On the earliest versions of the game, which weren’t set up to block obscenities, the publicly available information about users was even more damaging, graphic, and physically impossible. PRINT SHOP FOREVER.
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Questions? Comments? Questions for Mr. Zuckerberg? casey@theverge.com
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