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June 25 · Issue #347 · View online |
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Sometime next year, China’s social credit system is scheduled to be fully operational. The system, which comprises a patchwork of state and private efforts, tracks citizens’ behavior in various ways and then dishes out a variety of punishments and rewards based on their performance. Smoke in a no-smoking area and you’ll be banned from buying a business-class train ticket; maintain a positive reputation and your application to travel to Europe will be approved more quickly. I’ve linked to stories about China’s social-credit ambitions here several times over the past couple years, but never written about them at any length. Until recently, the social credit system struck me as a particularly grim aspect of life under authoritarian regime — one unlikely to ever materialize in the United States. And yet the more I look around, the more it seems like an American social credit system is springing up around us — and it doesn’t look all that different from China’s. Here are a few items we’ve seen over the past few weeks that speak to how quickly Chinese-style behavior monitoring is spreading to the United States.
- In May, Uber said it would begin to ban passengers with low ratings.
- The same day the Uber report came out, Susie Cagle profiled PatronScan, a company that aggregates lists of people who have been banned from bars and shares that information with other establishments.
- The same day both of those reports (why didn’t I write this column then?!), a school district in western New York announced its plan to deploy a facial-recognition system to track students and faculty. The system was promoted as “an early warning system that informs staff of threats including guns or individuals who have been identified as not allowed in our buildings.” Its implementation was put on hold after a public outcry.
- In June, the United States began requiring visa applicants to submit social media profiles along with their applications. It followed a 2017 move from the Department of Homeland Security to surveil the social media usage of all immigrants, including naturalized citizens.
- Airports have accelerated their use of facial-recognition technology, the Washington Post reported a few days later, with airlines building “biometric terminals” that promise to check passengers in faster. (One database of traveler photos has already been breached by hackers.)
- Dartmouth researchers this week announced a system for measuring employee performance using a smartphone, fitness bracelet, and custom app.
There are obvious differences here between efforts here and in China. In the United States, social credit systems are independent from one another. And with the exception of the visa application, they have yet to make real inroads in the government. And yet looking at the pace of development here, I wonder how long that will be true. As more companies acquire data sets about bad behavior among customers, the temptation to license that data to other companies could be irresistible. And if private companies have created highly accurate, comprehensive lists of bad actors across various industries, won’t the government seek access to that information as well? What will it do with that information, if so? Bloomberg traveled throughout China this month to see how the social credit system was developing and found that it remains fragmented and ineffectual. (See this thread from Bloomberg’s David Fickling.) In part that’s because the ruling party’s leaders are more focused on the trade war with America, according to the report: It’s not a priority among China’s top leaders to push through a nationwide social-credit scoring system now even if Suzhou and other localities can set up workable models, said Zhang Jian, an associate government professor at Peking University. “President Xi and his government have been caught up ‘fire fighting’ internal and external pressures since last year,” Zhang said. “I doubt the party leaders are willing to expend the time, energy and political capital to roll out the plan.” On the other hand, they’ve expended plenty of time and energy building the infrastructure so far. Over time, it seems inevitable that these surveillance systems will ratchet up in effectiveness and consequences. It’s still hard to imagine the US government cobbling together its own national social-credit system from the various private efforts we’ve seen this year. But it does seem likely that the tools now being created by the tech industry will have ugly consequences for at least some portion of the citizenry. The whole system is currently coming together with seemingly very little public conversation. We might want to change that while we can still exert some influence over it.
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California considers ban on facial recognition’s new frontier: police body cameras
Sam Dean reports on a growing moment in California to stop police from using facial recognition technology: State lawmakers are considering regulation barring all California law enforcement officers from running facial recognition programs on body cameras. Other Bay Area cities such as Berkeley and Oakland are considering following San Francisco’s lead in banning all applications for local police. And federal legislators — from both sides of the aisle — are holding hearings on Capitol Hill to examine how federal agencies are using the technology, and whether it deserves more scrutiny and stricter controls. Taken together, these efforts, pushed by activists and politicians from the tech industry’s home base in the Bay Area, constitute something not often seen in Silicon Valley: an attempt to impose preemptive regulations on a rapidly developing technology.
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Facebook’s latest move to fight hate speech
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House panel to hold hearing on Facebook cryptocurrency project
Another Libra hearing is heading our way, Sylvan Lane reports: The chairwoman of the House Financial Services Committee announced Monday that the panel will hold a hearing next month on Facebook’s plan to develop a cryptocurrency-based payments platform. The Financial Services Committee will hold a hearing on Facebook’s Project Libra on July 17, Chairwoman Maxine Waters (D-Calif.) announced Monday afternoon. The Senate Banking Committee will hold its own hearing on the social media giant’s crypto project the previous day.
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In a world first, Facebook to give data on hate speech suspects to French courts
“Facebook has agreed to hand over the identification data of French users suspected of hate speech on its platform to judges,” Mathieu Rosemain reports. So far, Facebook has cooperated with French justice on matters related to terrorist attacks and violent acts by transferring the IP addresses and other identification data of suspected individuals to French judges who formally demanded it. Following a meeting between Nick Clegg, Facebook’s head of global affairs, and O last week, the social media company has extended this cooperation to hate speech.
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Facebook's Clegg rejects break-up calls, prefers more regulation
Despite being asked about it many times now, Facebook still opposes being splintered into many small pieces, Emma Thomasson reports. (Clegg also had some sharp words for Apple.) “Just because it is difficult to regulate the internet doesn’t mean policy makers should jump to the alternative of wishing these companies away,” Nick Clegg, Facebook’s head of global affairs, said in a speech on Monday in Berlin. […] “The internet does need competition and it does need regulation … we want to work with governments and policymakers to design the sort of smart regulation that fosters competition, encourages innovation and protects consumers,” Clegg said.
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Gigi Hadid wants to rewrite copyright law around her Instagram account
The model Gigi Hadid has a rather novel interpretation of copyright law, Ashley Carman reports: Model Gigi Hadid believes she should be able to post paparazzi pictures on her Instagram account because her participation in their photos — from posing to choosing her outfit — invalidates a photographer’s ownership claims. In a copyright infringement lawsuit filed in January this year, an agency, Xclusive-Lee, alleges that Hadid posted one of its images to her Instagram, which it claims violates the company’s copyright. In a motion to dismiss filed earlier this month, as well as a supporting memorandum, Hadid’s legal team asserts that her posting the image constituted fair use because she contributed to the photo in the form of a smile and her outfit.
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Exclusive: A Group of Microsoft Employees Is Fighting the Company’s Political Action Committee
Here’s another account of employee activism inside a big tech company, this time aimed at its political action committee. Dave Gershgorn reports: While Microsoft pitches itself as an inclusive and progressive company — especially during Pride Month, with tweets and donations to LGBTQ+ causes — employees who have donated to the PAC say they have no control over which candidates are being supported, meaning that they have no say when the PAC financially supports candidates whose views the employees don’t want to support. Microsoft employees who spoke to OneZero — on the condition of anonymity to avoid reprisals — say that the PAC doesn’t ask employees for input or supply avenues to suggest or control which candidates should be supported. “Candidates that we dislike are those that advance policies contrary to the company’s stated policies of diversity, inclusion, and growth mindset,” one employee, who said they had persuaded about 10 others to stop donating to the PAC, told OneZero.
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Facebook’s Libra Creates New ‘Path to Printing Even More Money’ Through Messaging Services
Kurt Wagner explores Libra’s moneymaking potential for Facebook: If people do start stuffing their new digital wallets with Libra, it might not take years for Facebook to turn that activity into revenue. Marcus believes the new wallets could have a more immediate financial impact on a business line Facebook knows well: Targeted advertising. If users have Libra on hand as they scroll through Facebook’s News Feed, when they click on an ad it will be easier to buy something. That would make Facebook ads more appealing to marketers.
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Gun influencers on Instagram are a boon to gun companies
Social networks block gun advertisements, but not user-generated gun content. That left room for gun influencers to make bank, Kaitlyn Tiffany reports: Influencers skirt the rules and restrictions platforms impose on official businesses that want to advertise guns or gun-related services and accessories. This makes gun influencers more directly, tangibly important to the businesses they partner with than perhaps any other type of influencer in the bloated influencer economy. They may, in fact, be the only influencers who have proof of their reason to exist. There are dozens of women (it is mostly women who are gun influencers) making partial or complete livings off Instagram grids full of guns and perfect smiles. Some of them are hunters, some of them are veterans, some participate in professional shooting sports, some also swing-dance, some play soccer. Some look really good in a pair of camouflage overalls or a red, white, and blue onesie or wearing almost nothing, and all of them have come up with their own rules about how best to monetize these physical realities.
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Here's What It's Like To See Yourself In A Deepfake Porn Video
Jesselyn Cook examines the difficulty of getting faked revenge porn off the internet: Without any such intervention or effective policies in place, deepfake porn has carved out a comfortable space online — and it’s thriving. In addition to free, easy-to-use deepfake generator apps, there are now photo search engines (which HuffPost won’t name) that allow people to upload pictures of individuals to find porn actresses with similar features for optimal face-swapping results. There are even deepfake porn forums where men make paid requests for professional-looking videos of specific women, and share links to the women’s social media profiles for source imagery. HuffPost has observed requesters seeking porn with female Twitch, YouTube and Instagram influencers, as well as the requesters’ own co-workers, friends and exes.
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Here's why some users are getting more LinkedIn notifications
LinkedIn’s core feed is dying, so it’s trying to make it feel more personalized, Sara Fischer reports: Linkedin will today announce algorithm changes made over the past 12-18 months to favor conversations in its Feed that cater to niche professional interests, as opposed to elevating viral content, its executives tell Axios.
The big picture: News feeds that were fundamentally built to connect one voice to many are struggling to deliver on value as communication trends move to more personal and ephemeral conversations.
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Offering Greater Transparency for Social Issue, Electoral or Political Ads in More Countries
Facebook’s ad transparency tools are coming to more countries, the company said: We already require that advertisers get authorized and add disclaimers to these ads in over 50 countries and territories, and now we’re expanding proactive enforcement on these ads to countries where elections or regulations are approaching, starting with Ukraine, Singapore, Canada and Argentina. Beginning today, we will systematically detect and review ads in Ukraine and Canada through a combination of automated and human review. In Singapore and Argentina, we will begin enforcement within the next few months. We also plan to roll out the Ad Library Report in both of those countries after enforcement is in place.
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Facebook is expanding its tools to make content moderation less toxic
Mark Sullivan reports on Facebook’s plans to blur faces of people in videos in the hopes that the imagery will be less traumatic to moderators: Facebook has been testing these options with moderators at its Phoenix and Essen, Germany, contract moderation sites. Moderators can also view video or images in grayscale, or stop the videos from auto-playing. In some cases, moderators can make the determination of whether the content satisfies or breaches the Facebook content policies by viewing only the text, while leaving the images blurred out, says Chris Harrison, a psychologist and member of Facebook’s global resiliency team.
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Facebook may finally let you turn off those annoying notification dots
As someone who obsessively eradicates red dots anywhere he sees them, I welcome this move. Josh Constine: “It’s related to the work we’re doing with the well-being team. We’re thinking about how people spend their time in the app and making sure that it’s time well spent” a Facebook spokesperson tells me. Many people can’t feel settled if there are red dots begging to be tapped — a psychological quirk Facebook takes advantage of. The company seems to be realizing that its growth hacking can backfire if its pleas for engagement actually deter us from opening its app in the first place.
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Location-Based Chats, Adding Contacts Without Phone Numbers and More
Some good updates here from Telegram, including one that seems like it would be useful to protesters: This update opens up a new world of location-based group chats for anything from conferences, to festivals, to stadiums, to campuses, to chatting with people hanging out in the same cafe.
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Facebook, Libra, and the Long Game
I’ve been awaiting Ben’s take on Libra, and it’s well worth a read: Libra is already widely known as a Facebook initiative. Unless the consumer benefits are truly extraordinary, that may be enough to prevent Libra from ever gaining escape velocity. This applies even more to the Calibra wallet: Facebook promises not to mix transaction data with profile data, but that entails, well, trust that Facebook may have already lost. Still, that doesn’t mean digital currencies will never make it: I do think that Libra gets closer to a workable balance between trust and efficiency than Bitcoin, at least when it comes to being usable for transactions and not simply a store of value; the question is who can actually get such a currency off the ground
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The History and Evolution of Brands on Twitter
Nathan Allebach has a delightful history of brands’ awkward, cringey, hilarious embrace of Twitter, and then three-quarters of the way through it turns into a story about my pet issue, content moderation. “I think the biggest surprise people would have about Brand Twitter is learning that there are real people behind the accounts, reading the terrible shit you send, day in and day out,” Amy Brown says. “I can’t speak for other people working in this field, but when I was at Wendy’s, I regularly had to talk to my therapist about the replies I would read on our social channels. When you already have depression and you read enough times that you deserve to die, you start to really believe it. And the platforms care about abuse directed at a brand’s social-media manager(s) about as much as they care about abuse directed at an individual user. They’ve created an entire industry with no protections for the workers within it.” OK that doesn’t make for a very entertaining end to today’s newsletter. Here’s a good brand tweet.
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soo hungry need to find my wife and head to pf changs
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Send me tips, comments, questions, and your social credit score: casey@theverge.com.
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